summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorgarhve <git@garhve.com>2023-02-14 18:40:10 +0800
committergarhve <git@garhve.com>2023-02-14 18:40:10 +0800
commit4d12e92153c463bd5fecbc9606a5489601f57ee6 (patch)
tree84990b20afd1d1c4d7bec1f681b5c3236eef1f4b /posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel
parent734f042c9d99e0110d5e4cf8f2994a5ce27385d1 (diff)
change back to hugo
Diffstat (limited to 'posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel')
-rw-r--r--posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/index.html199
1 files changed, 199 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/index.html b/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7993ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8" />
+ <meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.110.0">
+
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+ <meta name="author" content="garhve" />
+ <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.garhve.com/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/" />
+ <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.garhve.com/posts/architecture-of-linux-kernel/" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/assets/images/favicon/favicon.ico" />
+ <link rel="icon" href="https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/assets/images/favicon/favicon.ico" />
+ <link rel="shortcut" href="https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/assets/images/favicon/favicon.ico" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://blog.garhve.comindex.xml" title="blog | garhve&#39;s hub">
+
+ <script type="application/ld+json">
+ {
+ "@context" : "http://schema.org",
+ "@type" : "BlogPosting",
+ "mainEntityOfPage": {
+ "@type": "WebPage",
+ "@id": "https:\/\/blog.garhve.com"
+ },
+ "articleSection" : "posts",
+ "name" : "Architecture of Linux Kernel",
+ "headline" : "Architecture of Linux Kernel",
+ "description" : "Description Modern microcontrollers nowadays support at least two privilege levels. Intel\/AMD x86-64 family supports 4 levels, whilst ARM (32bit) microcontrollers support up to 7 levels (6 privileged, 1 non-privileged).\nModern operating systems support at least 2 levels:\nUser space: For applications to run in unprivileged user mode Kernel space: For the kernel (and all its components) to run in privileged mode – kernel mode Address of these 2 spaces are separate.",
+ "inLanguage" : "en-US",
+ "author" : "garhve",
+ "creator" : "garhve",
+ "publisher": "garhve",
+ "accountablePerson" : "garhve",
+ "copyrightHolder" : "garhve",
+ "copyrightYear" : "2022",
+ "datePublished": "2022-09-03 14:33:37 \u002b0800 CST",
+ "dateModified" : "2022-09-03 14:33:37 \u002b0800 CST",
+ "url" : "https:\/\/blog.garhve.com\/posts\/architecture-of-linux-kernel\/",
+ "keywords" : [ ]
+ }
+</script>
+<title>Architecture of Linux Kernel</title>
+ <meta property="og:title" content="Architecture of Linux Kernel" />
+ <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
+ <meta property="og:description" content="Description Modern microcontrollers nowadays support at least two privilege levels. Intel/AMD x86-64 family supports 4 levels, whilst ARM (32bit) microcontrollers support up to 7 levels (6 privileged, 1 non-privileged).
+Modern operating systems support at least 2 levels:
+User space: For applications to run in unprivileged user mode Kernel space: For the kernel (and all its components) to run in privileged mode – kernel mode Address of these 2 spaces are separate." />
+ <meta name="description" content="Description Modern microcontrollers nowadays support at least two privilege levels. Intel/AMD x86-64 family supports 4 levels, whilst ARM (32bit) microcontrollers support up to 7 levels (6 privileged, 1 non-privileged).
+Modern operating systems support at least 2 levels:
+User space: For applications to run in unprivileged user mode Kernel space: For the kernel (and all its components) to run in privileged mode – kernel mode Address of these 2 spaces are separate." />
+ <meta property="og:locale" content="en-us" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/assets/images/favicon/favicon.ico" />
+
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+ <head>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.3/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="sha384-Juol1FqnotbkyZUT5Z7gUPjQ9gzlwCENvUZTpQBAPxtusdwFLRy382PSDx5UUJ4/" crossorigin="anonymous">
+
+
+ <script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.3/dist/katex.min.js" integrity="sha384-97gW6UIJxnlKemYavrqDHSX3SiygeOwIZhwyOKRfSaf0JWKRVj9hLASHgFTzT+0O" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+
+
+ <script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.3/dist/contrib/auto-render.min.js" integrity="sha384-+VBxd3r6XgURycqtZ117nYw44OOcIax56Z4dCRWbxyPt0Koah1uHoK0o4+/RRE05" crossorigin="anonymous"
+ onload="renderMathInElement(document.body);"></script>
+ </head>
+
+ <script>
+document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+ renderMathInElement(document.body, {
+ delimiters: [
+ {left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true},
+ {left: "$", right: "$", display: false}
+ ]
+ });
+});
+</script>
+</html>
+
+
+
+
+ <style>@font-face{font-family:huanzi;src:url(/fonts/huanzi.woff2)format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:fira code;src:url(/fonts/FiraCode-Regular.woff2)format('woff2')}body{font-family:bree serif,huanzi,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin:0 20px}article{max-width:800px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}a:hover{font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline}.post-ads{margin:50px 0}.markdown-body{font-size:18px;max-width:100%}.markdown-body a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000}.markdown-body blockquote{margin:0;padding:0 1em;color:#57606a;border-left:.25em solid #d0d7de}.markdown-body pre{padding:16px;overflow:auto;border-radius:10px}.markdown-body code{padding:.2em .4em;font-size:80%;background-color:inherit;border-radius:6px;font-family:fira code,monospace}code{text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}table{width:100%}.markdown-body pre>code{padding:0;font-size:70%;background-color:inherit;border:0;font-family:fira code,monospace}.Chinese .markdown-body{line-height:200%}.site-date-catalog{font-size:2rem}.header-title{font-size:2rem;font-weight:700;margin-top:32px;font-family:bungee shade,sans-serif}.header-title a{text-decoration:none}.header-subtitle{color:#666}.header-items{margin:10px 0}.header-item{margin:0 5px}.header-line{width:100%;border-width:2px;border-color:#482936;border-style:solid none none none}.lang-switch{font-weight:600}#posts-list{min-height:600px}.posts-line{font-size:1.2rem;margin:12px 0}.posts-categories{font-size:.8rem;margin:auto;text-align:center}.posts-category{padding:3px 0;border:#000 2px solid;border-radius:5px}.site-footer{margin-top:50px}.site-footer-item{margin-right:12px}.post-content img{max-width:100%;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-top:12px}.post-header{margin-bottom:50px}.post-title{font-size:2rem;font-weight:600}.post-tags{display:inline;font-weight:600;padding:2px 5px;margin-right:6px;border:#000 2px solid;border-radius:5px}.post-date{font-weight:800;font-style:italic}.post-author{float:right;font-weight:600}.page-content{min-height:60%}.post-content{margin-bottom:50px}.post-content p{hyphens:auto;line-height:1.8;text-justify:ideographic;margin-bottom:1em}.related-content{border-width:3px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;padding:0 10px;margin-bottom:50px;margin-top:100px}.related-content li{margin:5px 0}.taxonomy-term{font-size:3rem}.gallery-img{text-align:center}.gallery-img span{text-align:center}.gallery-img-desc{font-size:.8em;font-weight:800}#disqus_thread{position:relative}#disqus_thread:after{content:"";display:block;height:55px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0;background:#fff}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.header-title,.header-subtitle,.header-items{text-align:center}.posts-line{font-size:16px}.markdown-body{font-size:16px}.post-title{font-size:2rem}.post-content p{letter-spacing:.05em}}@media screen and (max-width:48em){.posts-category{display:none}}</style>
+
+
+ <style>.container,.container-fluid{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.container-fluid{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:2rem}.row{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:initial;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-.5rem;margin-left:-.5rem}.row.reverse{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.col.reverse{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse}.col-xs,.col-xs-1,.col-xs-10,.col-xs-11,.col-xs-12,.col-xs-2,.col-xs-3,.col-xs-4,.col-xs-5,.col-xs-6,.col-xs-7,.col-xs-8,.col-xs-9,.col-xs-offset-0,.col-xs-offset-1,.col-xs-offset-10,.col-xs-offset-11,.col-xs-offset-12,.col-xs-offset-2,.col-xs-offset-3,.col-xs-offset-4,.col-xs-offset-5,.col-xs-offset-6,.col-xs-offset-7,.col-xs-offset-8,.col-xs-offset-9{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.col-xs{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;max-width:100%}.col-xs-1{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8.33333333%;flex-basis:8.33333333%;max-width:8.33333333%}.col-xs-2{-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.66666667%;flex-basis:16.66666667%;max-width:16.66666667%}.col-xs-3{-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;max-width:25%}.col-xs-4{-ms-flex-preferred-size:33.33333333%;flex-basis:33.33333333%;max-width:33.33333333%}.col-xs-5{-ms-flex-preferred-size:41.66666667%;flex-basis:41.66666667%;max-width:41.66666667%}.col-xs-6{-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;max-width:50%}.col-xs-7{-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.33333333%;flex-basis:58.33333333%;max-width:58.33333333%}.col-xs-8{-ms-flex-preferred-size:66.66666667%;flex-basis:66.66666667%;max-width:66.66666667%}.col-xs-9{-ms-flex-preferred-size:75%;flex-basis:75%;max-width:75%}.col-xs-10{-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.33333333%;flex-basis:83.33333333%;max-width:83.33333333%}.col-xs-11{-ms-flex-preferred-size:91.66666667%;flex-basis:91.66666667%;max-width:91.66666667%}.col-xs-12{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%}.col-xs-offset-0{margin-left:0}.col-xs-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333333%}.col-xs-offset-2{margin-left:16.66666667%}.col-xs-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-xs-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333333%}.col-xs-offset-5{margin-left:41.66666667%}.col-xs-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-xs-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333333%}.col-xs-offset-8{margin-left:66.66666667%}.col-xs-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-xs-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333333%}.col-xs-offset-11{margin-left:91.66666667%}.start-xs{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;text-align:start}.center-xs{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.end-xs{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:end}.top-xs{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.middle-xs{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.bottom-xs{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.around-xs{-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around}.between-xs{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.first-xs{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.last-xs{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}@media only screen and (min-width:48em){.container{width:49rem}.col-sm,.col-sm-1,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-offset-0,.col-sm-offset-1,.col-sm-offset-10,.col-sm-offset-11,.col-sm-offset-12,.col-sm-offset-2,.col-sm-offset-3,.col-sm-offset-4,.col-sm-offset-5,.col-sm-offset-6,.col-sm-offset-7,.col-sm-offset-8,.col-sm-offset-9{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.col-sm{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;max-width:100%}.col-sm-1{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8.33333333%;flex-basis:8.33333333%;max-width:8.33333333%}.col-sm-2{-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.66666667%;flex-basis:16.66666667%;max-width:16.66666667%}.col-sm-3{-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;max-width:25%}.col-sm-4{-ms-flex-preferred-size:33.33333333%;flex-basis:33.33333333%;max-width:33.33333333%}.col-sm-5{-ms-flex-preferred-size:41.66666667%;flex-basis:41.66666667%;max-width:41.66666667%}.col-sm-6{-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;max-width:50%}.col-sm-7{-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.33333333%;flex-basis:58.33333333%;max-width:58.33333333%}.col-sm-8{-ms-flex-preferred-size:66.66666667%;flex-basis:66.66666667%;max-width:66.66666667%}.col-sm-9{-ms-flex-preferred-size:75%;flex-basis:75%;max-width:75%}.col-sm-10{-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.33333333%;flex-basis:83.33333333%;max-width:83.33333333%}.col-sm-11{-ms-flex-preferred-size:91.66666667%;flex-basis:91.66666667%;max-width:91.66666667%}.col-sm-12{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%}.col-sm-offset-0{margin-left:0}.col-sm-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333333%}.col-sm-offset-2{margin-left:16.66666667%}.col-sm-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-sm-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333333%}.col-sm-offset-5{margin-left:41.66666667%}.col-sm-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-sm-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333333%}.col-sm-offset-8{margin-left:66.66666667%}.col-sm-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-sm-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333333%}.col-sm-offset-11{margin-left:91.66666667%}.start-sm{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;text-align:start}.center-sm{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.end-sm{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:end}.top-sm{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.middle-sm{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.bottom-sm{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.around-sm{-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around}.between-sm{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.first-sm{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.last-sm{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:64em){.container{width:65rem}.col-md,.col-md-1,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-offset-0,.col-md-offset-1,.col-md-offset-10,.col-md-offset-11,.col-md-offset-12,.col-md-offset-2,.col-md-offset-3,.col-md-offset-4,.col-md-offset-5,.col-md-offset-6,.col-md-offset-7,.col-md-offset-8,.col-md-offset-9{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.col-md{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;max-width:100%}.col-md-1{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8.33333333%;flex-basis:8.33333333%;max-width:8.33333333%}.col-md-2{-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.66666667%;flex-basis:16.66666667%;max-width:16.66666667%}.col-md-3{-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;max-width:25%}.col-md-4{-ms-flex-preferred-size:33.33333333%;flex-basis:33.33333333%;max-width:33.33333333%}.col-md-5{-ms-flex-preferred-size:41.66666667%;flex-basis:41.66666667%;max-width:41.66666667%}.col-md-6{-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;max-width:50%}.col-md-7{-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.33333333%;flex-basis:58.33333333%;max-width:58.33333333%}.col-md-8{-ms-flex-preferred-size:66.66666667%;flex-basis:66.66666667%;max-width:66.66666667%}.col-md-9{-ms-flex-preferred-size:75%;flex-basis:75%;max-width:75%}.col-md-10{-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.33333333%;flex-basis:83.33333333%;max-width:83.33333333%}.col-md-11{-ms-flex-preferred-size:91.66666667%;flex-basis:91.66666667%;max-width:91.66666667%}.col-md-12{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%}.col-md-offset-0{margin-left:0}.col-md-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333333%}.col-md-offset-2{margin-left:16.66666667%}.col-md-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-md-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333333%}.col-md-offset-5{margin-left:41.66666667%}.col-md-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-md-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333333%}.col-md-offset-8{margin-left:66.66666667%}.col-md-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-md-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333333%}.col-md-offset-11{margin-left:91.66666667%}.start-md{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;text-align:start}.center-md{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.end-md{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:end}.top-md{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.middle-md{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.bottom-md{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.around-md{-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around}.between-md{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.first-md{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.last-md{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:75em){.container{width:76rem}.col-lg,.col-lg-1,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-offset-0,.col-lg-offset-1,.col-lg-offset-10,.col-lg-offset-11,.col-lg-offset-12,.col-lg-offset-2,.col-lg-offset-3,.col-lg-offset-4,.col-lg-offset-5,.col-lg-offset-6,.col-lg-offset-7,.col-lg-offset-8,.col-lg-offset-9{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.col-lg{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;max-width:100%}.col-lg-1{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8.33333333%;flex-basis:8.33333333%;max-width:8.33333333%}.col-lg-2{-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.66666667%;flex-basis:16.66666667%;max-width:16.66666667%}.col-lg-3{-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;max-width:25%}.col-lg-4{-ms-flex-preferred-size:33.33333333%;flex-basis:33.33333333%;max-width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-5{-ms-flex-preferred-size:41.66666667%;flex-basis:41.66666667%;max-width:41.66666667%}.col-lg-6{-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;max-width:50%}.col-lg-7{-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.33333333%;flex-basis:58.33333333%;max-width:58.33333333%}.col-lg-8{-ms-flex-preferred-size:66.66666667%;flex-basis:66.66666667%;max-width:66.66666667%}.col-lg-9{-ms-flex-preferred-size:75%;flex-basis:75%;max-width:75%}.col-lg-10{-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.33333333%;flex-basis:83.33333333%;max-width:83.33333333%}.col-lg-11{-ms-flex-preferred-size:91.66666667%;flex-basis:91.66666667%;max-width:91.66666667%}.col-lg-12{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%}.col-lg-offset-0{margin-left:0}.col-lg-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333333%}.col-lg-offset-2{margin-left:16.66666667%}.col-lg-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-lg-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333333%}.col-lg-offset-5{margin-left:41.66666667%}.col-lg-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-lg-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333333%}.col-lg-offset-8{margin-left:66.66666667%}.col-lg-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-lg-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333333%}.col-lg-offset-11{margin-left:91.66666667%}.start-lg{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;text-align:start}.center-lg{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.end-lg{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:end}.top-lg{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.middle-lg{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.bottom-lg{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.around-lg{-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around}.between-lg{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.first-lg{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.last-lg{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}}</style>
+
+
+
+
+ <link href="/index.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml"
+ title="blog | garhve&#39;s hub">
+
+ <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
+ <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bree+Serif|Bungee+Shade" rel="stylesheet">
+
+
+
+</head>
+
+
+<body>
+ <article class="post English" id="article">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-xs-12">
+ <div class="site-header">
+
+<header>
+ <div class="header-title">
+ <a href="/"
+ >Garhve</a
+ >
+ </div>
+ <div class="header-subtitle"></div>
+</header>
+<div class="row end-md center-xs header-items">
+</div>
+<div class="row end-xs">
+
+ <div class="lang-switch col-xs-3 col-xs-offset-9">
+ <a href="/cn/">Chinese</a>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="header-line"></div>
+
+ </div>
+ <header class="post-header">
+ <h1 class="post-title">Architecture of Linux Kernel</h1>
+
+ <div class="row post-desc">
+ <div class="col-xs-6">
+
+ <time class="post-date" datetime="2022-09-03 14:33:37 CST">
+ 03 Sep 2022
+ </time>
+
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-xs-6">
+
+ <div class="post-author">
+ <a target="_blank" href="https://garhve.com">@garhve</a>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ </header>
+
+ <div class="post-content markdown-body">
+
+ <h2 id="description">Description</h2>
+<p>Modern microcontrollers nowadays support at least two privilege levels. Intel/AMD x86-64 family supports 4 levels, whilst ARM (32bit) microcontrollers support up to 7 levels (6 privileged, 1 non-privileged).</p>
+<p>Modern operating systems support at least 2 levels:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>User space</strong>: For applications to run in unprivileged user mode</li>
+<li><strong>Kernel space</strong>: For the kernel (and all its components) to run in privileged mode – kernel mode</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Address of these 2 spaces are separate.</p>
+<p>Applications in user mode will auto-linked to glibc(the GNU standard C library). Libraries only available in user mode, kernel mode doesn&rsquo;t have this conception. An application only can through <strong>System call</strong> to access kernel. On the other hand, system calls are the only legal entry point into the kernel space.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Libraries APIs: man section 3
+System calls APIs: man section 2</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>to be continue&hellip;</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-xs-12">
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div style="height: 50px;"></div>
+
+
+ <div class="site-footer">
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </article>
+
+
+
+<script>
+
+
+
+
+
+</script>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>