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-+++
-title = "Mess with bash(1)"
-date = 2022-08-25
-[taxonomies]
-categories = ["code"]
-tags = ["bash"]
-[extra]
-math = false
-+++
-### Crontab
-
-`crontab` is a useful tool, I really regret that I don't familar it earlier.
-
-It's usage really simple, and these two are my frequent using:
-
-```bash
-crontab -e      #edit crontab file that reside in /var/spool/cron
-crontab -l      #list current crontab job
-```
-
-It basic syntax as follow, also really simple
-![crontab-layout.jpg](https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/screenshots/2022/08/1857817000.jpg)
-
-example of usage:
-
-1. delete file *foo* every minute
-   `* * * * *   rm foo`
-2. delete file *foo* every 15 minutes
-   `15 * * * *  rm foo`
-3. delete file *foo* every beginning of hour
-   `0 * * * *   rm foo`
-4. delete file *foo* every minute after 3 hours
-   `* 3 * * *   rm foo`
-5. delete file *foo* every day at 18:30
-   `30 18 * * * rm foo`
-6. delete file *foo* every beginning of month
-   `0 0 0 * *   rm foo`
-7. delete file *foo* on beginning of 1st,10th of month
-   `0 0 1,10 * *    rm foo`
-
-The usage really simple, I now use it to renew my SSL certification and daily update bt-tracker.
-
----
-
-### tr
-
-`tr` is really useful when encountered situation that needs struggle with string.
-Three frequency ways of using `tr`
-
-1. **shrink** multiple characters into single one
-
-   `tr -s '[string]'`
-   e.g. `echo "ssssssspaaaaace" | tr -s 'sa'` would convert "ssssssspace" to "space"
-2. **delete** specific character. I usually use it to delete white space or delimiter
-
-   `tr -d '[string]'`
-   e.g. `echo "blog.garhve.com" | tr -d '.o'` would convert url to "blggarhvecm"
-3. **convert** specific character to another one.
-
-   `tr '[string1]' '[string2]'`
-   e.g. `echo "woopwon | tr "wo" "fe"` would result "feepfen"
-
----
-
-### cut
-
-I use `cut` mostly to get word from a string, especially get relative path from absolute path. Because I always want to loop to get same sub-directories file from different main directory, `cut` helps a lot.
-
-for now, I only use it one way
-
-`echo string | cut -d '[character]' -f position`
-e.g. `echo path/to/most/inner/file | cut -d '/' -f1` this will give me word before first '/', which is 'path'
-
-Often, `rev` will co-work with `cut` to get last one word
-
-e.g. `echo blog.garhve.com | rev | cut -d '.' -f 1 | rev` this will give word after last '/', which is com.
-
-> *a worth noting here is that the `rev` command needs to appear twice because it usage is not so intuitive, it reverse whole string*
->
-> `echo "hello world" | rev` will get 'dlrow olleh`
->
-> `echo "hello world" | cut -d ' ' -f1 | rev` will give result of 'dlrow'
->
-> `echo "hello world" | rev | cut -d ' ' -f1` will give same result, as 'dlrow'
->
-> `echo "hello world" | rev | cut -d ' ' -f1 | rev` will give expected result, as 'world'
-
-### Daily update bt tracker
-
-I already learn shell script for a while.. so I wrote a simple script to test whether I really got used to it, but result is obviously, I need more and more practice to memorize commands.
-
-```bash
-#! /bin/sh
-#bt-tracker.txt
-site=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ngosang/trackerslist/master/trackers_all.txt
-
-file=/path_to_aria_directory/aria2.conf
-
-Addr=user@addr
-
-# Get bt-tracker and format it to fulfill aria needs, then store in variable
-bt=$(curl $site | tr -s '[:space:]' | tr '[:space:]' ',')
-
-# sshpass is a software, that can allow me pass ssh password as argument
-# so that I don't need to wait prompt
-# 410 is the line of bt tracker resides, I now no other way to replace it.
-$(sshpass -p 'password' ssh -T $Addr "sed -i '410d' $file | echo $bt >> $file")
-```
-
-> Usage of [tr](https://blog.garhve.com/index.php/archives/23/#tr) and [cut](https://blog.garhve.com/index.php/archives/23/#cut), expansion of 'command tips' is needed
-
-### Ways to find files or specific string in files
-
-In order to look up C definitions, I need to know where linux stores header files or which files store definitions I need. So that here comes up some methods to fulfill this need:
-
-1. `find 'path' -name 'file_name'`
-
-> e.g. `find / -name stdio.h` will return multiple location that stdio.h resides. this could expand to look for others
->
-> ![image.png](https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/screenshots/2022/09/find_name.png)
->
-> more info could see `man find`
-
----
-
-2. `grep -rnw 'path' -e 'pattern'`
-
-> e.g. `grep --include=\*.{h,c} -rnw / -e "from_kuid" will return string and filename that contains string.
->
-> ![image.png](https://assets.garhve.com/pictures/screenshots/2022/09/grep_string.png)
->
-> * `-r` or `-R` is recursive,
-> * `-n` is line number, and
-> * `-w` stands for match the whole word.
-> * `-l` (lower-case L) can be added to just give the file name of matching files.
-> * `-e` is the pattern used during the search
->
-> Along with these, `--exclude`, `--include`, `--exclude-dir` flags could be used for efficient searching:
->
-> * This will only search through those files which have .c or .h extensions:
->
-> ```bash
-> grep --include=\*.{c,h} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
-> ```
->
-> * This will exclude searching all the files ending with .o extension:
->
-> ```bash
-> grep --exclude=\*.o -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
-> ```
->
-> * For directories it's possible to exclude one or more directories using the `--exclude-dir` parameter. For example, this will exclude the dirs dir1/, dir2/ and all of them matching *.dst/:
->
-> ```bash
-> grep --exclude-dir={dir1,dir2,*.dst} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
-> ```
->
-> more info could see [man grep](https://ss64.com/bash/grep.html).